How Is The Makeup Of The Electoral College Decided By The Votes Of Registered Voters

Electoral College Fast Facts

Established in Article II, Section 1 of the U.Southward. Constitution, the Electoral College is the formal body which elects the President and Vice President of the United States. Each state has as many "electors" in the Electoral College every bit it has Representatives and Senators in the U.s. Congress, and the District of Columbia has three electors. When voters go to the polls in a Presidential ballot, they actually vote for the slate of electors who take vowed to cast their ballots for that ticket in the Electoral College.

Electors

Most states require that all electoral votes go to the candidate who receives the almost votes in that state. Subsequently land election officials certify the popular vote of each state, the winning slate of electors meet in the state capital and cast ii ballots—one for Vice President and one for President. Electors cannot vote for a Presidential and Vice Presidential candidate who both hail from an elector'due south home country. For instance, if both candidates come from New York, New York'south electors may vote for ane of the candidates, just not both. In this hypothetical scenario, however, Delaware'due south electors may vote for both New York candidates. This requirement is a holdover from early on American history when one of the country's major political error lines divided large states from pocket-size states. The founders hoped this rule would prevent the largest states from dominating presidential elections.

/tiles/not-collection/i/i_electoralcollege_electoralcontestprint_2005_218_008-2.xml Collection of the U.S. House of Representatives
Almost this object The contested 1876 Presidential election brought Senators, and the electoral certificates nether investigation, into the House Chamber.

• Maine and Nebraska employ a "district organisation" in which two at-large electors vote for the winner of the country's popular vote and ane elector votes for the pop winner in each congressional commune.

Although it is not unconstitutional for electors to vote for someone other than those to whom they pledged their support, many states, as well equally the District of Columbia, "bind" electors to their candidate using oaths and fines. During the nineteenth century, "faithless electors"—those who bankrupt their pledge and voted for someone else—were rare, but not uncommon, particularly when information technology came to Vice Presidents. In the modern era, faithless electors are rarer nevertheless, and have never determined the issue of a presidential election.

• There has been 1 faithless elector in each of the following elections: 1948, 1956, 1960, 1968, 1972, 1976, and 1988. A blank ballot was cast in 2000. In 2016, seven electors broke with their state on the presidential election and six did so on the vice presidential ballot.

Procedure

/tiles/non-collection/i/i_electoral_college_frankleslies_electoralvote1881_2007_292_002-ane.xml Collection of the U.South. House of Representatives
About this object In the 1880 presidential election, James Garfield narrowly won the popular vote but swept the Electoral College in the Midwest and Northeast.

Since the mid-20th century, Congress has met in a Joint Session every iv years on January 6 at 1:00 p.m. to tally votes in the Balloter College. The sitting Vice President presides over the coming together and opens the votes from each state in alphabetical club. He passes the votes to four tellers—two from the Firm and two from the Senate—who denote the results. House tellers include one Representative from each party and are appointed by the Speaker. At the stop of the count, the Vice President then announces the name of the next President.

• With the ratification of the Twentieth Subpoena to the Constitution (and starting with the 75th Congress in 1937), the balloter votes are counted before the newly sworn-in Congress, elected the previous Nov.
• The engagement of the count was changed in 1957, 1985, 1989, 1997, 2009, and 2013. Sitting Vice Presidents John C. Breckinridge (1861), Richard Nixon (1961), and Al Gore (2001) all announced that they had lost their own bid for the Presidency.

Objections

/tiles/non-collection/i/i_electoral_college_electoralcount1913_2008_069_000_1.xml Drove of the U.S. House of Representatives
About this object The House and Senate met in a Joint Session on Feb 12, 1913, to count Electoral College votes for the 1912 presidential ballot.

Since 1887, three U.s.C. 15 has set the method for objections by Members of Congress to electoral votes. During the Joint Session, lawmakers may object to individual electoral votes or to state returns equally a whole. An objection must exist declared in writing and signed by at least 1 Representative and ane Senator. In the case of an objection, the Articulation Session recesses and each bedchamber considers the objection separately for no more than than two hours; each Fellow member may speak for five minutes or less. Later each house votes on whether to have the objection, the Joint Session reconvenes and both chambers disclose their decisions. If both chambers hold to the objection, the electoral votes in question are not counted. If either sleeping accommodation opposes the objection, the votes are counted.

• Objections to the Electoral College votes were recorded in 1969, 2005, and 2021. In all cases, the Firm and Senate rejected the objections and the votes in question were counted.

Amending the Process

Originally, the Balloter College provided the Constitutional Convention with a compromise between two main proposals: the pop ballot of the President and the election of the President by Congress.

/tiles/non-collection/i/i_electoral_college_photo_1953_hc_2008_130_30.xml Collection of the U.S. House of Representatives
About this object The 1953 balloter vote count declared Dwight D. Eisenhower the winner.

• Prior to 1804, electors made no distinction betwixt candidates when voting for president and vice president; the candidate with the majority of votes became President and the candidate with the 2nd-well-nigh votes became Vice President. The Twelfth Amendment—proposed in 1803 and ratified in 1804—changed that original process, requiring electors to separate their votes and denote who they voted for equally President and Vice President. See Balloter College and Indecisive Elections for more information.
• The District of Columbia has had iii electors since the Twenty-third Subpoena was ratified in 1961.

In that location accept been other attempts to change the system, peculiarly afterward cases in which a candidate wins the popular vote, but loses in the Electoral Higher.

• V times a candidate has won the popular vote and lost the election. Andrew Jackson in 1824 (to John Quincy Adams); Samuel Tilden in 1876 (to Rutherford B. Hayes); Grover Cleveland in 1888 (to Benjamin Harrison); Al Gore in 2000 (to George W. Bush-league); Hillary Clinton in 2016 (to Donald J. Trump).

The closest Congress has come to alteration the Electoral College since 1804 was during the 91st Congress (1969–1971) when the Business firm passed H.J. Res. 681 which would accept eliminated the Balloter College altogether and replaced it with the direct ballot of a President and Vice President (and a run off if no candidate received more than 40 percent of the vote). The resolution cleared the House 338 to 70, but failed to pass the Senate.

Contingent Elections

In the case of an Electoral College deadlock or if no candidate receives the bulk of votes, a "contingent election" is held. The election of the President goes to the House of Representatives. Each country delegation casts a single vote for ane of the top three contenders from the initial ballot to make up one's mind a winner.

• Only 2 Presidential elections (1800 and 1824) have been decided in the Firm.
• Though non officially a contingent election, in 1876, South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana submitted certificates of elections for both candidates. A bipartisan committee of Representatives, Senators, and Supreme Court Justices, reviewed the ballots and awarded all three state's electoral votes to Rutherford B. Hayes of Ohio, who won the presidency by a single electoral vote.
• See Electoral Higher and Indecisive Elections for more than information on Contingent Elections.

/tiles/non-collection/i/i2_electoral_college_pass_hc_2007_203_00.xml Collection of the U.S. Business firm of Representatives
About this object This laissez passer for the Electoral College'due south 1937 vote count was used again the same day for the President's annual message.

Source: https://history.house.gov/Institution/Electoral-College/Electoral-College/

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